Fig. 2: Thalamus activates seconds before behavioral arousal, while most of the cortex deactivates after arousal.
From: A temporal sequence of thalamic activity unfolds at transitions in behavioral arousal state
a Arousal-locked blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the whole cortex and thalamus. Thalamus (red) begins to activate (20% latency denoted by red arrow) seconds before behavioral arousal (vertical dashed line), while the cortex (blue) deactivates afterward (blue arrow). Data were presented as mean values, and shading represents standard error. b Most of the cortex deactivates during arousal, but a subset of regions, including the caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC, purple), activate before behavioral arousal, similarly to the thalamus. The rostral middle frontal (rmF, pink) and superior temporal (sT, dark blue) are shown as representative regions of frontal and temporal lobes. Results from all cortical ROIs can be seen in Supplementary Fig. 2. Shading represents standard error. c Correlation between each individual cortical region and the whole cortex or thalamus. While cortical activity is largely distinct from the thalamic rise, a subset of cortical regions is correlated with the thalamus, notably the caudal anterior cingulate and the posterior cingulate. Source data are provided in the “Fig. 2 Source Data” file.
