Fig. 4: Dynamics of the four testing constructs – the open loop, the cis feedback, the trans feedback, and the layered feedback, as shown in Fig. 3a.

a Simulated dynamics of the four constructs with the reduced model in Eqs. (4)–(11) in a 7-hour window. b Experimentally observed dynamics of the four constructs in a 7-hour window. c Experimentally observed dynamics of the four constructs in a 16-hour window. d Simulated dynamics of the four constructs with a growth-dependent model in Supplementary Section 1 in a 16-hour window. e–h Dynamic analysis of the test and intact groups in the AHL-Rhl and AHL-Cin wash perturbation experiment. Grey regions indicate the duration of disturbances. e Dynamical profile of the intact group. f Dynamical profile of the test group. g Disturbance profile, calculated by subtracting the dynamics of the test group from the dynamics of the intact group. h Scaled disturbance profile. The dynamical deviation of the test group from the intact group is scaled by each construct's pre-disturbance output value. All data are presented as mean value +/− standard deviation of n samples, n = number of biological replicates.