Fig. 4: The imaging capability of the optoelectronic μ-CE camera.

a Photographs of different targets (top) and the images collected by the μ-CE camera (bottom). b Schematic illustrations of the different spatial positions of a triangle model (top) and relative images captured by the μ-CE camera (bottom). c The true spatial position of the triangle relative to the μ-CE camera. d The calculated spatial position of the triangle according to the images; the side length of the triangular is known (20 mm). The radius of the imaging FOV is 80 mm. e Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for monitoring beetle motion using the μ-CE camera. f Time-lapse photography of a free-crawling beetle at different moments. The photograph is generated by combining five photographs together. The inset is the photograph of the beetle. g Images captured by the μ-CE camera at different times. h The definition statistics of five ommatidia (marked in circles) extracted from the images captured by the μ-CE camera at different times. The definition of ommatidia in different positions reaches the maximum at different moments. i The calculated spatial positions of the beetle at different moments and the as-generated movement trajectory.