Fig. 3: Relative labyrinth size in turtles.

a PGLS regression of labyrinth size on skull box volume. Note that duplicate specimens for several species have been projected into graph but are not part of formal regression. Images show labyrinth models superimposed in original scale to skull models, with skull sizes of both specimens scaled to same length. b Residual plot of a, with specimens ordered according to major clades. c evolution of relative labyrinth size (scaled between 0 and 1 residual labyrinth size) across time-scaled turtle phylogeny, with ancestral values estimated using the ace function of ape 5.376. “Ma” is “million years before present”. Numbers in a, b match tip labels of c. For a legend of tip labels, see Supplementary Data 1 and Supplementary Fig. 4. Source data are provided with this paper.