Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of clinker and cement substitution. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of clinker and cement substitution.

From: Cement substitution with secondary materials can reduce annual global CO2 emissions by up to 1.3 gigatons

Fig. 1

Substitution in the cementitious binder, and in mortar and concrete (product scale, top left), is linked in several important ways to the wider industrial system (market scale, a–g). g Clinker can be substituted by secondary cementitious materials (CMs) from the (a) minerals, (b) built environment, (c) agriculture, (d) forestry, (e) metals, and (f) energy sectors.

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