Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of clinker and cement substitution. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of clinker and cement substitution.

From: Cement substitution with secondary materials can reduce annual global CO2 emissions by up to 1.3 gigatons

Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of clinker and cement substitution.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Substitution in the cementitious binder, and in mortar and concrete (product scale, top left), is linked in several important ways to the wider industrial system (market scale, a–g). g Clinker can be substituted by secondary cementitious materials (CMs) from the (a) minerals, (b) built environment, (c) agriculture, (d) forestry, (e) metals, and (f) energy sectors.

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