Fig. 1: Variation in signalling genes causes defects in epicuticular wax accumulation in barley.
From: Conserved signalling components coordinate epidermal patterning and cuticle deposition in barley
a Epicuticular wax on the leaf sheaths and lemmas of cv. Bonus, cer-g.10 and cer-s.31. Panels from far left: leaf sheath (scale bars = 1 cm), close-ups of sheaths (scale bars = 1mm), scanning electron micrographs of sheaths (10,000× magnification, scale bar = 10 µm; N = 4 per genotype), lemmas (scale bars = 2 mm). b–d Cloning of cer-g using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) coupled to Barley 50k iSelect SNP genotyping (BSA-50 K) and exome capture (EC) sequencing (BSA-ECseq) based on the Morex V1 assembly95. b BSA-50 K (upper) and BSA-ECseq (below) from a BW111 × Morex F2 phenotypic bulk. Black dots represent the frequency of the mutant alleles on chromosome 2H (Chr2H). Average allele frequencies shown by the red line define a candidate region around 675 Mbp. c Close up of the 670–680 Mbp region. Bars represent the genomic regions of candidate genes associated with epidermal features. The red bar indicates HORVU2Hr1G096350 (HvYODA1, HvYDA1) which has a 3-bp deletion in BW111 mutants compared with the parental cultivars. d HvYDA1 gene model. Bars represent exons and regions encoding the kinase domain are coloured orange. Allelic cer-g variants are indicated underneath using triangles. g, h Cloning of cer-s using BSA-50 K followed by fine mapping and whole-genome sequencing based on Morex V2 assembly42. e BSA-50 K conducted on BW122 x Morex F2 phenotypic bulk located the causal mutation on Chr2H. f Fine mapping using markers indicated above, narrowed the candidate region down to 520 – 547 Mbp on Chr2H. g Whole-genome sequencing identified a BW122-specific deletion from 533.26 – 533.67 Mbp relative to the parent cultivars. Bars indicate genes within the deletion boundaries. The red bar indicates HORVU.MOREX.r2.2HG0144720 (HvBREVIS-RADIX-Solo, HvBRX-Solo), which co-located with SNPs identified in the cer-s alleles. h HvBRX-Solo gene model. Bars represent exons; the region encoding the BRX domain is coloured orange. A predicted S-acylation site (C4) is indicated below. Variants identified in cer-s alleles are indicated underneath in triangles. Triangle colours indicate different variant types: stop codon variants shown in black; amino acid substitution shown in blue; amino acid insertions/deletions shown in green; and frame–shift variants shown in red. Source data of b are provided in the Source data file.
