Fig. 8: Signature genes of metastasis predict patient outcomes.

a Volcano plot of DEGs between the L groups with fast and slow metastasis. P values were obtained from the Student t test (two-sided). b Selective examples of Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards of the current cohort (n = 30) and the TCGA LAUD cohort (n = 501) using individual metastasis signature genes. c Heatmap of significantly up- or downregulated genes in the fast vs. slow metastasis L ROI groups. P values were based on Student’s t test. d A set of genes within the metastasis gene signature identified by multivariate Cox regression analysis and their performances in predicting patient survival of the patient cohort in the current study. P values were obtained from the Wald test (two-sided). e Selective examples of Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the associated hazard ratios of the current cohort (n = 23) and the TCGA LGG cohort (n = 515) using the brain TME network genes. f A graphical summary depicting the major changes in the tumor core and microenvironment that underlie NSCLC brain metastasis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.