Fig. 2: Characterizations of the PP/CB porous film.
From: Oscillating light engine realized by photothermal solvent evaporation
a, b Top view and c side view of the porous PP/CB film used for the oscillating actuator. d Maximum surface temperature as a function of time for the dry porous PP/CB film obtained by switching infrared light with different light intensities on and off. e Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the porous PP/CB film infiltrated with ethanol exposed to air for different times. The panels to the right show magnified images along the x-axis. f Mass percent of evaporated ethanol for the porous PP/CB film infiltrated with ethanol as a function of time under 200 mW cm−2 infrared light. g Wicking height as a function of time for the porous PP/CB film with ethanol supply under illumination of infrared light with different light intensities. h Wicking height, wicking rate, and maximum temperature as a function of light intensity for the porous PP/CB film with ethanol supply. Error bars denote the standard deviation.
