Fig. 4: Actuation performances of the PP/CB actuator under sunlight and simulated sunlight.
From: Oscillating light engine realized by photothermal solvent evaporation

a Schematic illustration of the oscillating bending actuation of the porous film exposed to sunlight. b, c Photographs and displacement as a function of time for the oscillating actuation under approximately 50 mW cm−2 sunlight. d Displacement as a function of time for the oscillating actuation under 320 and 250 mW cm−2 sunlight simulated by a Xe lamp.