Fig. 1: Schematic drawing of five representative crystal structures and their corresponding modulated diffraction spots in 3D reciprocal space.

a single crystal, b bent single crystal, c–e chiral mesostructures (c twisted single crystal. d helically stacking of nanocrystals in a fan-shape. e stacked assembly of twisted nanocrystals). f–j the modulated electron diffraction in reciprocal space corresponding to a–e, respectively. The incident electron beam is perpendicular to the crystal surface. Both the crystal structure and the 3D ED models are shown from the same angle of view (side view). The green arc represents the Ewald sphere of the electron, which generally corresponds to the zero-order Laue zone in the conventional SAED pattern.