Fig. 3: Tuning electronic structures of CDs with different modifications.
From: Near-infrared phosphorescent carbon dots for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy
a Conductivity type identification of CDs by measuring varied capacitance (C) with the applied potential in the Mott-Schottky relationship. The symbols EFp and EFn represent the Fermi levels of the p- and n-type semiconductors. b Absorption spectra and corresponding Tauc plots of p–n-CDs, p-CDs, and n-CDs. c Schematic illustration of the energy-band diagrams of the p-CDs, n-CDs, and p–n-CDs. d Molecular Models of CDs with different surface modifications (SO3-modified CD-1, SO3-pyrrolic N-modified CD-2, and SO3-pyrrolic N-graphitic N-modified CD-3). e–i Calculated UV–vis absorption spectra (e–g), fluorescence emission spectra (h), HOMO, LUMO, and bandgap (i) of CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3 using TD-DFT methods. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
