Fig. 4: The monobody adapter is compatible with nanoparticle systems prepared by emulsion-evaporation using poly(vinyl alcohol-vinyl sulfone).

a Schematic of the reaction to prepare poly(vinyl sulfone). Fluorescent images of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated in vitro with PACE-PVA-VS-Mb-CD31 NPs (b) or PACE-PVA-VS-Iso NPs (c). Scale bars, 50 μm. The cell nuclei were stained with DAPI, depicted in blue. The NPs are depicted in red. d Representative flow cytometry histograms and e mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of fluorescent Ab-Mb-PACE-NP bound to HUVECs in vitro (error bars represent SD). Each data point represents the averaged from three wells with 10,000 HUVECs captured/well (n = at least three independent experiments). Statistical significance between treatments is denoted with ****p < 0.001, by a multiple two-tailed T-tests with a Bonferroni correction. Data are presented as mean values +/− SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. PACE Poly(amine-co-ester), PVA Poly(vinyl alcohol), VS vinyl sulfone, NP nanoparticle, Ab antibody, iso isotype Ab, Mb monobody.