Fig. 4: Emotional memory-dependent amygdala phase opposition of hippocampal gamma and single neuron activity.

a Histogram of amygdala theta phases at which hippocampus broadband gamma amplitude occurs for eR (red) and eKF (black) trials. Inverted triangles represent the angle of preference in radians (eR:0.16 radians; eKF:1.83) after phase realignment. b Circular plot, shaded areas represent PACOi results (n = 8 patients, 9 electrodes) per phase bin (n = 20) for each condition; max is the maximum value of phase-amplitude coupling for eR:1.19 and eKF:1.04. c Histogram displays the permuted values for the Watson Williams test (one-way ANOVA for circular data), red line represents the empirical statistic (FWW = 187.49, P = 0.00009). d Summary of electrode contact localization in the left and right amygdala (pink) and hippocampus (light blue) for patients included in the SFC analysis (Cohort 2: 6 patients;7 electrodes). e Example for a single subject showing a post-operative CT image, thresholded to visualize electrode contacts, co-registered with the corresponding pre-operative MRI scan in native space and superimposed onto the amygdala nuclei and hippocampus subfields. The sagittal view shows that contacts are in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus. The first coronal view shows hippocampal subfields and the white and black arrow point to the putative microelectrode location. The second coronal view shows amygdala nuclei and the two white and black arrows indicate the first two macroelectrodes locations. Subfields/nuclei are color coded. A schematic of the electrode implanted (Ad-Tech, Racine, WI) is provided showing microwires protruding from the tip and macro contacts (the first three contacts are numbered). f As for (a), but showing amygdala theta phases at which hippocampal spikes occur (average spike count over n = 31 neurons). Inverted triangles represent the angle of preference in radians (eR:0.18; eKF:1.40) after phase realignment. g Shaded areas in the circular plot represent spikes per the 20 phase bins for each condition. Maximum spike count for each condition (eR:112; eKF:128) and the total spike counts across neurons (eR:1651, eKF:2030) is indicated. Single-neuron waveform (mean ± std) for one example neuron is reported. h Histogram displays the permuted values for the Watson Williams test, red line represents the empirical statistic (FWW = 40.91, P = 0.00009).