Fig. 1: Polymyxin forms two-dimensional crystalline structures in bacterial outer membranes that correlate with antimicrobial activity. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Polymyxin forms two-dimensional crystalline structures in bacterial outer membranes that correlate with antimicrobial activity.

From: Antibiotic polymyxin arranges lipopolysaccharide into crystalline structures to solidify the bacterial membrane

Fig. 1: Polymyxin forms two-dimensional crystalline structures in bacterial outer membranes that correlate with antimicrobial activity.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a AFM topographs of an OM patch before and after incubation with polymyxin E. Scale bars, 200 nm (overview) and 20 nm (zoom-in). b Growth curves of the E. coli MG1655 WT (gray) and MG1655 MCR-1 (red) strains at different polymyxin concentrations. Above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5–1 mg/l, the growth of the E. coli MG1655 WT strain is inhibited. Schematic of the effect of the MCR-1 modification on the LPS structures of the E. coli MG1655 strain. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c, d AFM topographs (left) of OM patches from E. coli MG1655 WT and MCR-1 strains after polymyxin incubation around the MIC (0.6 mg/l). Right top, High-resolution images of framed areas. Scale bars, 200 nm (overviews) and 20 nm (insets). Right bottom, Fourier transformation of AFM images. The vertical scale represents image pixel intensity (a.u.). Each experiment was repeated independently at least three times with same results. Scale bars, 0.1 nm−1.

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