Fig. 6: Kinetics of HBEGF-TNF-induced pathogenesis: simultaneous and temporally progressive photoreceptor and glial pathologies.

a Experimental design: HBEGF-TNF (HT) was applied daily and HROs were analyzed at indicated timepoints. b Representative bright-field images of HT-treated HROs in culture. c Representative images and (d) quantitative analysis of photoreceptor and glial pathology development: cone (ARR3) and rod (NRL) photoreceptor (RCVRN) cell loss and cell ectopy, as well as loss of photoreceptor inner segments (PIS); gliosis (GFAP), cell proliferation (KI67, PHH3) of MG (SOX9), and total cell number (DAPI). See Supplementary Figs. 12 and 13. Graphs show mean ±SD, and circles represent individual HROs (n) derived from N = 1 independent experiment (N) with n ≥ 5 per variable. b, c N = 1 independent experiments (N) with n ≥ 5 HRO per timepoint. e Summary of quantitative data depicted in (d) and Supplementary Fig. 12. Summarized data are given as mean fold change (log2 scale) compared to control (0 days HT) HROs. Colored lines below the x axis depict statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test (based on individual HROs (n)) at the indicated timepoints compared to control (day 0; statistics over n). Scale bars: b 500 µm, c 50 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.