Fig. 1: Morphological and optical characterizations.
From: Low-bias photoelectrochemical water splitting via mediating trap states and small polaron hopping
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a the pristine BiVO4 and b the phosphorus-doped BiVO4 sample (P-BiVO4-1 mg). c X-ray diffraction patterns and d light harvesting efficiency (LHE) derived from the UV-vis absorption spectra of the BiVO4 and phosphorus-doped BiVO4 samples. The asterisk (*) remark in c denotes the diffraction peak of the FTO substrate. e High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) image and the corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping images of f Bi, g V, h O, and i P of the phosphorus-doped BiVO4 photoanode.
