Fig. 5: Characterization of photothermal conversion and water evaporation properties.

a IR thermal images of EuTTA-350 powder (50 mg) under a Xenon lamp (1 kW m−2) and then with the Xenon lamp turned off. b Photothermal conversion behavior of EuTTA, EuTTA-230, EuTTA-350, Fe-MIL-NH2, HKUST−1, and UiO-66 powder samples under 1-sun irradiation within 480 s. c Anti-photobleaching property of EuTTA-350 powder during five cycles of heating–cooling. d Water evaporation under simulated sunlight with an intensity of 1 kW m−2 (1 sun). e Comparison of the performances among solar water evaporators based on various materials reported.