Fig. 2: Seasonalities of radiation and non-radiation fluxes of the surface energy budget (SEB).
From: Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
Surface energy flux values (Wm−2) were averaged for each study site for each day of year (DOY) across all years available and then averaged (mean ± s.e.) for each DOY and smoothed (15-day moving average) for each vegetation type. Average number of site years (n) across all DOY’s and surface energy fluxes, and the number of study sites (in parentheses) are indicated in the top left corner of each figure. The area within the vertical gray lines represents the median snow-free period across the years 2000–2020 (MODIS41), averaged across sites for each vegetation type. Radiation surface energy fluxes: Rnet (dark blue): net radiation; SWnet (purple): net shortwave radiation; LWnet (green): net longwave radiation. Non radiation surface energy fluxes: H (dark red): sensible heat flux; LE (light blue): latent heat flux; G (yellow green): ground heat flux. Results are based on the data subset of the period 2000–2021 and excluding barren vegetation type because of missing Rnet data: nr. sites = 61, nr. site years = 617. See Supplementary Fig. 6 for seasonality analyses with additional components of the surface energy budget. Note: flux direction convention is positive away from the surface for heat fluxes (i.e. H, LE and G). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
