Fig. 1: T cells acquire CD80 and CD86 from neighboring cells.

a CD80- and CD86-surface staining of Cd80−/−Cd86−/− P14 CD8+ T cells co-cultured with wild-type (WT) or Cd80−/−Cd86−/− antigen-loaded DCs. Gating: Thy1.2+ CD44+ T cells. b CD80 and CD86 staining of WT and Cd80−/−Cd86−/− P14 T cells on day 12 post LCMV-infection. Left: representative histograms of transferred T cells. Right: Proportion of CD80+ or CD86+ cells. LN denotes lymph nodes. c Z-projection (left) and focal plane (right) of membrane-Tomato P14 CD8+ T cells (blue) co-cultured for 48 h with CD80-TagGFP transgenic, antigen-loaded MEFs (yellow). Bottom right image solely depicts CD80 co-localizing with T cell membrane. Scale bar 10 µm. d Acquisition kinetics of CD80 and CD86 by P14 CD8+ T cells upon co-culture with CD80- or CD86-mScarlet-transgenic, antigen-expressing MEFs or their respective supernatants (SN). e Proportions of P14 CD8+ T cells acquiring CD80 or CD86 co-cultured with MEFs expressing native CD80- or CD86-mScarlet or mutants thereof (CD80 Y201A, CD86 Q35A) with or without antigen-loading. f Blockade of intercellular transfer of CD80 and CD86 upon addition of CTLA4-Fc to CD8+ T cells co-cultured with CD80- or CD86-mScarlet expressing MEFs. See also Figure S1 and Movie S1. Statistics: b: Pooled data from 4 independent experiments. Two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. p-values: CD80 spleen 0.0001 (n = 14 animals); CD80 iLN 0.0001 (n = 14 animals); CD80 lung 0.0020 (n = 10 animals); CD80 liver 0.0020 (n = 10 animals); CD80 blood 0.0078 (n = 8 animals); CD86 spleen 0.0001 (n = 14 animals); CD86 iLN 0.0001 (n = 14 animals); CD86 lung 0.0020 (n = 10 animals); CD86 liver 0.0020 (n = 10 animals); CD86 blood 0.0078 (n = 8 animals). e: Representative data from 1 of 3 independent experiments. Brown-Forsythe/Welch’s ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 correction for multiple comparison. p-value: CD86 vs. gp33 + CD86: 3 × 10−5 (n = 3 biologically independent samples). f: Pooled data from 3 independent experiments. Two-sided Mann–Whitney test. p-values: CD80: 7 × 10−7 CD86: 1 × 10−11 (n = 12 biologically independent samples). Source data are provided as a Source data file.