Fig. 1: Centimeter-scale, atomically thin graphene membrane with angstrom-scale pores.
From: Differences in water and vapor transport through angstrom-scale pores in atomically thin membranes
A Schematic and B optical image of graphene membrane supported on polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) supports. The black square in the image is graphene. C SEM image of graphene transferred onto PCTE support. The dark circles indicate PCTE cylindrical pores (~200 nm diameter) covered by graphene. D, E STEM images of graphene lattice after UV/ozone treatment for 25 min. Blue arrows indicate nanopores in the lattice. F Measured nanopore size distribution from STEM images. G Raman spectra of as-synthesized nanoporous CVD graphene (NG) and NG after 25 min of UV/ozone etching. An increase in the D peak indicates the introduction of additional defects in the graphene lattice. H STM image of NG on Cu foil after 25-min UV/ozone etching. The dotted, white circle indicates a vacancy defect. I Solute transport through the synthesized graphene membranes normalized with respect to bare PCTE supports: as-synthesized NG on PCTE support (PCTE + NG), and graphene membranes after UV/ozone and defect sealing via interfacial polymerization (GM1, GM2, GM3, and GM4). Diffusion-driven fluxes were measured for KCl (~0.66 nm), NaCl (~0.716 nm), L-Tr (~0.7–0.9 nm), and B12 (~1–1.5 nm). Error bars indicate one standard deviation. Source data are provided as Source Data files.
