Fig. 1: Timeline of the New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic.

Top: International arrivals per day. Middle: Daily cases (black line) are averaged across a 1-week period, and include cases in both MIQ (managed isolation and quarantine) facilities as well as the community, while daily hospitalisations (filled curve) are averaged across weekly reports and describe cases hospitalised due to COVID-19. Bottom: Vaccination coverage is expressed as a percentage of the eligible community (5+ years of age; or 94% of the total population). The genomic epidemiology of the first three waves have been characterised elsewhere - first wave;1 Auckland August outbreak7; and, Delta wave10.