Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of strain-induced cluster magnetic multipoles and OM in Nd2Ir2O7 thin films.
From: Higher harmonics in planar Hall effect induced by cluster magnetic multipoles
a Schematic view of the pyrochlore lattice structure of Nd2Ir2O7. b When compressive strain is applied to Nd2Ir2O7 along the [111] direction, the AIAO configuration of the magnetic spin experiences spin canting. Such canting can be represented by three distinctive magnetic multipoles (dipole, A2-octupole, and T1-octupole). Note that the dipole has finite magnetization, whereas the A2-octupole and T1-octupole do not have magnetization. c Schematic diagram of the longitudinal magnetization induced by the dipole. When Hext is applied along the x-y plane, the spin direction is aligned in the direction of Hext. d Schematic diagram of the OM induced by coupling between an external magnetic field (Hext) and magnetic octupoles. The OM can be induced in two directions: normal to the surface and in-plane.
