Fig. 3: Mucosal vaccination induces potent lung-localized and circulating IL-17-producing Spike-specific CD4+ T-cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Mucosal vaccination induces potent lung-localized and circulating IL-17-producing Spike-specific CD4+ T-cells.

From: Mucosal TLR2-activating protein-based vaccination induces potent pulmonary immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice

Fig. 3: Mucosal vaccination induces potent lung-localized and circulating IL-17-producing Spike-specific CD4+ T-cells.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Pam2Cys (P2C), Spike sub-cutaneously (s.c; blue) or intra-nasally (i.n; red) three times, 2 weeks apart. Control mice were unvaccinated (UNV; black a–d), or received P2C adjuvant only (black, e, f). The frequency of antigen-specific cytokine-producing (a) CD4+ T-cells in the lungs and b spleen, or c CD8+ T-cells in the lungs and d spleen at one week post final vaccination (n = 6 animals), and e CD4+ T-cells in the lungs and f CD8+ T-cells in the lungs at 8 weeks post-vaccination (n = 10 animals), were determined by intra-cellular staining and flow cytometry following recall stimulation ex vivo with Spike protein in the presence of Brefeldin A. Data represent individual mice from two independent biological experiments. Box and whiskers plots show median (centre), 25th and 75th percentile (box), lowest and highest value (whiskers). Statistics: p-values indicated, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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