Fig. 9: Different types of patterns.

a mackerel-cloud, b half circles, and c crescent patterns formed by placing the DEX-MB-CaCl2 droplet near the wall, next to the wall, and near the corner in the cuvette, respectively. d Formation of PEI-PEG spiral patterns by adding PEI (0.5%)-DEX (16%)-CaCl2 (50 mM) droplet to the PEG-SDBS (2.5 mM) bulk solution. The photo was taken under white light illumination.