Fig. 4: Electrostatic assistance of the NCL reaction.

a Principle of the NCL reaction. b, c Assistance of the NCL reaction enables peptide formation in the low micromolar range with rates up to 31000 M−1 s−1. The errors for rate constants correspond to the standard error generated by Kintek Global Kinetic Explorer Software during the numerical fitting of the data (95% confidence interval). d, e Application of electrostatic assistance to the modification of K1 HGF domain at 1 µM.