Fig. 5: Impact of costimulation blockade and IL-2 on diabetes development in a therapeutic setting.

a Schematic of treatment protocol. Blood glucose levels of DO11 × RIPmOVA mice were tracked, and animals with values falling between 180 mg/dL and 290 mg/dL were identified for treatment (see also Supplementary Fig. 4). Mice were injected i.p. with control Ab, anti-CD80/86 Ab, IL-2 complex or both anti-CD80/86 Ab and IL-2 complex. Anti-CD80/86 Ab was given 2 doses per week for total 10 weeks; IL-2 complex was administered in 3 doses for the first week and then 2 doses per week. b Percentage of non-diabetic mice based on blood glucose measurements; n = 17 for control, n = 8 for aCD80/86, n = 10 for aCD80/86+IL-2, n = 8 for IL-2. Data are collated from 3 independent experiments. Diabetes incidence in the anti-CD80/86 Ab plus IL-2 complex group, but not other treatment groups, was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.01, Log-rank test with Bonferroni correction). c Collated data showing the percentages of DO11+ Treg in peripheral lymph nodes (LN), pancreatic lymph nodes (PanLN), spleen and pancreas. d Collated data showing CD25 and CTLA-4 expression on gated DO11+ Tconv or e DO11+ Treg in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Data are presented as mean ± sd; each dot indicates one mouse. c–e n = 10 for control, n = 5 for aCD80/86, n = 6 for aCD80/86+IL-2, n = 4 for IL-2. Data are collated from 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns not significant (ANOVA). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.