Fig. 4: Illustration of simplified and exaggerated uncertainty evaluation on open circuit potential vs a reference electrode (RE).
From: Error, reproducibility and uncertainty in experiments for electrochemical energy technologies
Possible sources of uncertainty are identified, and their standard uncertainty or probability distribution is determined by statistical analysis of repeat measurements (Type A uncertainties) or other evidence (Type B uncertainties). If required, uncertainties are then converted into the same unit as the measurand and adjusted for sensitivity, using a measurement model. Uncertainties are then combined either analytically using a standard approach or numerically to generate an overall estimate of uncertainty for the measurand (as indicated in Fig. 3a).
