Fig. 5: Alkaline HER in the MEA electrolyser.

a LSV curves of the MEA reactors using Cl-Pt/LDH / NiFe-LDH, Cl-Pt/LDH / Ir/C, and commercial Pt/C / Ir/C as the cathodic and anodic electrodes, respectively. b Cell voltage at current density of 1 A cm−2 in Fig. 5a, and the corresponding energy efficiency. c Stability tests of the MEA water electrolysers at the current density of 1 A cm−2 at 60 °C. Breakout of the ohmic overpotential and activation overpotential for (d) Cl-Pt/LDH / NiFe-LDH, (e) Cl-Pt/LDH / Ir/C and (f) commercial Pt/C / Ir/C. The Pt loading of Cl-Pt/LDH, and Pt/C is 1.01 × 10−2 and 0.8 mgPt cm−2, respectively.