Table 1 Combined influences of the environmental factors on the diurnal pattern proportion

From: A global survey of diurnal offshore propagation of rainfall

Latitude

Moisture

Wind

OP (%)

PL (%)

SP (%)

WI (%)

Amount

Mechanisms

<30°

sufficient

offshore

88

8

1

3

99

Inertia–gravity wave-dominated

calm

90

10

0

0

72

onshore

37

60

3

0

68

insufficient

offshore

51

21

1

27

258

Both modulation effects

calm

23

43

7

27

149

onshore

10

38

17

35

254

>30°

insufficient

offshore

51

15

0

35

150

Advection effect-dominated

calm

11

11

11

68

19

onshore

3

24

24

49

155

  1. Samples at latitudes higher than 30° and with sufficient moisture are not shown due to their absence. Sufficient (insufficient) moisture is defined as 850-hPa specific humidity higher (lower) than 11 g kg−1. Offshore/onshore winds are defined as averaged 850–300 hPa offshore/onshore background wind components with a speed higher than 1 m s−1, and the remainder includes calm winds. OP, PL, SP and WI denote offshore propagation, phase-locked, shoreward propagation and weak or incoherent diurnal patterns, respectively. The percentage numbers indicate the ratio of the corresponding pattern to the total patterns. Inertia–gravity waves indicate inertia–gravity waves forced by the terrain/land–sea thermal contrast.
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