Fig. 5: DFT simulations of catalytic activity and electronic structure.

a Differential charge density of Cu1-N2, Cu1-N3 and Cu1-N1O2 coordination configuration. b–d The density of states of Cu1-N1O2 coordination configurations. e, f Free energy diagram of H2O2 activation e and benzene oxidation to phenol f on various sites. g Arrhenius plots for benzene oxidation over various catalysts. TS: transient state.