Fig. 5: The profiles of rightward and leftward forks.

a Definition of fork indices of rightward and leftward forks (Fk^R and Fk^L, for further details see materials and methods). ‘Δ’ indicates the differential between neighbouring bins, e.g. at location x, Δε(x) is defined as ε(x + 1)-ε(x). b Profiles of polymerase usage (top), fork index (middle) and initiation index (bottom) for a representative region of chromosome 3. c Schematic representation of transcription and replication conflicts for convergent (CV) or co-directional (CD) forks. d Averaged fork index ±100 kb around annotated TSS and TTS in the human genome. Data for the fork indices of CV and CD forks are categorised by transcriptional activities. e Heat map representation of CV and CD fork index at 25–0 kb upstream regions of active TSS (the 75–100% category in d). Data were sorted by the total value of fork index in each region. Yellow and blue bars indicate regions with positive or negative values, respectively. f Heat map representation of fork indices of CV and CD forks sorted by gene length. Broken lines indicate the position of TSS and TTS. For this analysis only the 50% most transcriptionally active genes were included.