Fig. 4: Core-gene phylogenetic tree for 1818 E. coli isolates.

Maximum likelihood tree with eight main clusters linked with phylogroup. Bootstrap support values > 95 are represented by blue dots for main clusters. Metadata are represented next to the tree by four rings: phylogroup, ESC-R gene, source and country (coloured as per inset legend). The number of AMR genes per genome is plotted on the outside as a bar plot (light green colour).*ST117 cluster contains mainly ST117 but also other closely related STs. Source data are available in the Source Data file. ESC-R extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance.