Fig. 2: Geological provinces and erosion modelling constraints.

a Geological provinces of the Eurasian domain, delimited by age and rock type according to the IGME 5000¹⁰² and GLiM datasets¹⁰³. Cosmogenic exposure samples taken from bedrock (n = 249) were used to constrain glacial erosion rates over the Shield province (Supplementary Data 1). Trough mouth fan catchments, defined from ice model outputs, delimit the areas for backstacking glacial sediments in the Younger Basement (mid-Norwegian Margin) and Platform (Bjørnøyrenna) provinces. b Thickness map of the GIII glacial unit in the Bjørnøya trough mouth fan, derived from 2D seismic profiles (Supplementary Fig. 2) and used to constrain erosion rates in the Platform province. For the time-to-depth conversion, we applied an interval velocity of 1.97 km s^{−1 28}. c Rates and gradients of glacial erosion within distinct geological provinces scaled against mean modelled ice discharge through the last glacial cycle (<123 ka) (see “Methods”). Previously published empirically derived data points (filled markers) are sourced from catchments across the Eurasian domain (Supplementary Fig. 3; Supplementary Table 2).