Fig. 3: Discover dimensionless numbers governing porosity formation during 3D printing.
From: Data-driven discovery of dimensionless numbers and governing laws from scarce measurements
a A schematic of a 3D printed metal part with internal porosity defects50. The dataset includes X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) measurements on three different materials. b Porosity measurements with varying energy density values, a traditionally combined parameter for correlating porosity with process parameters. c Identified 2D scaling relation combining both lacks of fusion and keyhole porosity with two discovered dimensionless numbers. d Another identified 2D scaling relation with a higher R2 score. The reduced parameter space is simple to visualize and interpret, while the original high-dimensional problem is difficult since the porosity is governed by nine parameters.
