Fig. 6: Heat flow required for basal melting as a function of surface gravity and temperature for ice sheets 5–20 km in thickness.
From: Liquid water on cold exo-Earths via basal melting of ice sheets

a Heat flow required for basal melting as a function of surface gravity and surface temperature for a 5-km thick ice sheet. The white dots (the numbers correspond to the index number of planets in Table 1) show the approximate surface gravity and surface temperature of the exo-Earths considered in the study. b–d Same as (a), but for 10–20 km thick ice sheets.