Fig. 1: Concept for the mid-infrared (IR) wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication system.

Mid-IR WDM signals are generated by wavelength converting C-band signals using the difference-frequency generation (DFG) process, and detected at the C-band after being converted via another DFG process. Mid-IR OAM beams are generated by passing mid-IR Gaussian beams through spiral phase plates (SPPs), and converted back to Gaussian beams using SPPs of inverse orders.