Fig. 2: Pathological findings of resected tumors.

a Pathological responses in T4a (n = 11) and T4b (n = 8) gastric cancer patients. Baseline features are shown in the top panel, while percentages of pathological regression are shown at the bottom. Dot lines indicate cutoff values of partial pathological response (PPR), PPR+, and major pathological response (MPR). b Overlap of partial response by radiological examination and MPR. c Dynamic changes of PD-L1 expression positivity. d Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining sections of tumor specimens obtained from patient P18, who obtained MPR. e Representative computed tomographic imaging of a lymph node (top) and the stomach wall (bottom) of two patients who received MPR. f Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of patient P18 who received MPR. Visible structures include cytokeratin-positive tumor cells (white), PD-L1⁺ cells (cyan), FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells (green), PD-1⁺ cells (yellow), CD68⁺ macrophages (orange), CD8⁺ T cells (magenta), and nuclei (blue). Staining was performed only once in d and f. g Changes in tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) in patients P01 and P18 with MPR. h Changes in peripheral TCR clones in patient P18. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.