Fig. 3: Light propagation through the THFOW.

a Laser light with different wavelength (λ = 450, 515 and 650 nm) propagate through the THFOW; (b) Laser light propagates through THFOWs with different diameters; (c) Light attenuation of the THFOW calculated from the scattered light intensity along with the THFOW profile (n = 3 independent experiments), data were presented as mean ± SD; (d) Propagation loss of the 915 nm laser light through THFOWs, measured by a cutback technique (n = 3 independent experiments), data were presented as mean ± SD. Scale bars in (a), (b) are 1 cm.