Fig. 4: In-vivo imaging of blood vessels and venous occlusion test.
From: A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature
a–h Photos of the hand, foot, thigh and forearm where the target veins are highlighted. The reconstructed 3D photoacoustic images are all shown accordingly. i Cross sectional size changes of the vein before cuff inflation, during cuff inflation with a pressure of 70 mmHg, and cuff deflation. The pixels inside the white boundary with a value >0.5 are counted to calculate the vein size. j A photograph of the patch attached to the human neck at a location above the internal jugular vein. k 13 slices of dual-mode images acquired by the photoacoustic patch, i.e., photoacoustic images of the internal jugular vein superimposed on ultrasound B-mode images. The pixel values of normalized photoacoustic images < 0.5 are not shown.
