Fig. 2: Censoring issues in sampling serial interval (SI) and corresponding inferential frameworks for generation time (GT).

a Forward sampling with reference point as the start of the event leads to left censoring issue. b Backward sampling with reference point as the end of the event leads to right censoring issue. The biases are due to failure in observing the sample under these forward and backward schemes (as presented in pink regions). c Inferential framework presented for forward GT. d Inferential framework presented for backward GT. The inferential frameworks of GT have considered the inter-relationship among SIs and infector–infectee specific incubation periods (IPs).