Fig. 3: The stability and self-decomposition behavior in Au0.02Cu0.98 and Au0.02Cu0.98@SA under different conditions (H2O, PBS at pH = 5.5 and 7).

a TEM images revealed that the Au0.02Cu0.98 nanocubes started to decompose within 1 day in PBS and H2O. Contrarily, the Au0.02Cu0.98@SA remained intact structures over 7 days of incubation under all conditions (all scale bars as 100 nm). b The XPS spectrum of Au0.02Cu0.98 nanocubes given Cu0 and Cu2+ signals under PBS condition (pH 7) as a function of the day (2p3/2 and 2p1/2 assigned as 932 and 952 eV, respectively, for Cu0 and assigned as 934 and 954 eV, respectively, for Cu2+). c TEM image of the Au0.02Cu0.98@SA nanocubes (inset: a transparent layer surrounded by Au0.02Cu0.98 surface indicating the presence of SA). d and e Quantitative analysis of H2O2 and •OH generation in Au0.02Cu0.98@SA nanocubes through KMnO4 and TPA fluoresce probe treatments, respectively. The suppression of H2O2 and •OH due to the SA modification. All data were obtained in triplicate (n = 3, The error bars represented mean ± SD, p-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.) (a, c one representative data was shown from three independently repeated experiments).