Fig. 7: Evaluation of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation.

a–d Analysis of Nissl staining (a, b) and Iba1 immunoreactivity (c, d) in the rodent brains after acute seizure induction. a, c Representative histological sections stained with Nissl and Iba1 of the brain regions including the CA1, CA3, DG, and cortex (n = 6 rats per group). b Quantification of Nissl positive cells (intact neurons) for the non-stimulation, LIWF stimulation, and SNF stimulation groups (P = 0.7833, 0.0392, 0.253, and 0.7673 for CA1, CA3, DG, and cortex each, n = 12–14 samples in all comparisons: precise values in Supplementary Table 1, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction). d Quantification of microglial activation for the non-stimulation, LIWF stimulation, and SNF stimulation groups (P < 0.001 for all comparisons, n = 12–14 samples in all comparisons: precise values in Supplementary Table 1, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction). *P <  0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS, not significant. Bar graphs depict data as mean ± SD. Scale bars in a and c, 200 µm. Non-stim non-stimulation, LIWF-stim low-intensity wide-field stimulation, SNF-stim sequential narrow-field stimulation. For detailed statistical information, Supplementary Table 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.