Fig. 6: Programmable liquid cilia as fluidic devices.
From: Exploiting ferrofluidic wetting for miniature soft machines
a Schematics of 2D nonreciprocal motion of single liquid cilium. b Snapshots of the nonreciprocal dynamics of single liquid cilium. c Experimental and simulated results of the fluid flow distribution of the liquid cilia array with synchronous waves. Color bar represents streaming velocities. d Top views of liquid cilia matrix with 2D synchronous waves. e Snapshots of a liquid cilia matrix pumping red food dye. f Ultrasound doppler imaging visualization of liquid cilia array pumping porcine blood in enclosed channels. The experimental setup for blood transporting on liquid cilia arrays consists of a Helmholtz system with an ultrasound system. Color bar represents Doppler signal. g Demonstration of the potential of liquid cilia matrix as mobile soft robots. The substrate of the liquid cilia is a transparent resin material. Scale bars, 2 mm.
