Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

From: Systematic review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis of non-invasive fibrosis markers for chronic hepatitis B in Africa

Characteristic n (%) or median (IQR)

Overall

Reason for HBV testing

Missing data

Asymptomatic screening populationsa

Suspected liver diseasea

n (%)

Total

3548

(100)

2824

(80.8)

673

(19.3)

  

Type of study

      

0

(0)

 Hospital based

2647

(74.6)

1923

(68.1)

673

(100)

  

 Community based

901

(25.4)

901

(31.9)

0

(0)

  

Country

      

0

(0)

 Ethiopia

1038

(29.3)

717

(25.4)

321

(47.7)

  

 Senegal

868

(24.5)

787

(27.9)

75

(11.1)

  

 The Gambia

797

(22.5)

797

(28.2)

0

(0)

  

 Zambia

283

(8.0)

256

(9.1)

18

(2.7)

  

 South Africa

240

(6.8)

194

(6.9)

45

(6.7)

  

 Nigeria

190

(5.4)

0

(0)

190

(28.2)

  

 Malawi

97

(2.7)

73

(2.6)

24

(3.6)

  

 Burkina Faso

35

(1.0)

      

Sex, male

2133

(60.1)

1656

(58.7)

4449

(667)

1

(0)

Age, years

33

(28, 41)

33

(28, 41)

34

(28, 42)

2

(0.1)

 14–29

1147

(32.4)

919

(32.6)

208

(30.9)

  

 30–39

1345

(37.9)

1078

(38.2)

250

(37.2)

  

 40–49

634

(17.9)

501

(17.8)

124

(18.4)

  

 ≥50

420

(11.8)

324

(11.5)

91

(13.5)

  

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.4

(20.0, 25.5)

22.5

(20.0, 25.6)

22.2

(19.7, 24.7)

426

(12.0)

 Overweight (25.0–29.9)

675

(21.6)

536

(21.8)

125

(20.5)

  

 Obese (≥30.0)

205

(6.6)

178

(7.2)

20

(3.3)

  

Hazardous alcohol consumptionb

118

(4.7)

89

(4.4)

26

(6.3)

1,046

(29.5)

HBeAg positive

278

(9.0)

170

(7.0)

100

(17.0)

473

(13.3)

HBV DNA (log10 IU/ml)

2.7

(1.8, 3.7)

2.6

(1.7, 3.6)

3.5

(2.6, 5.9)

576

(16.2)

 <2000 IU/ml

1920

(64.6)

1,712

(67.8)

182

(44.7)

  

 2000–19,999 IU/ml

541

(18.2)

461

(18.3)

70

(17.2)

  

 ≥20,000 IU/ml

511

(17.2)

352

(13.9)

155

(38.1)

  

Liver stiffness measurement (kPa)

5.5

(4.5, 6.9)

5.3

(4.4, 6.6)

6.8

(5.0, 13.1)

255

(7.2)

 ≤7.9

2721

(82.6)

2,285

(88.5)

395

(59.3)

  

 8.0–9.5

203

(6.2)

150

(5.8)

52

(7.8)

  

 9.6–12.2

128

(3.9)

83

(3.2)

43

(6.5)

  

 >12.2

241

(7.3)

64

(2.5)

176

(26.4)

  

ALT (U/L)

24

(18, 34)

23

(18, 31)

33

(20, 49)

44

(1.2)

AST (U/L)

28

(22, 35)

27

(21, 33)

35

(24, 52)

58

(1.6)

GGT (U/L)

24

(18, 35)

23

(18, 33)

30

(18, 56)

941

(26.5)

Platelets (×109/L)

233

(182, 292)

233

(184, 292)

230

(170, 291)

117

(3.3)

APRI

0.30

(0.20, 0.46)

0.28

(0.19, 0.43)

0.39

(0.24, 0.65)

138

(3.9)

GPR

0.17

(0.11, 0.29)

0.17

(0.11, 0.27)

0.22

(0.12, 0.48)

983

(27.7)

FIB-4

0.82

(0.56, 1.26)

0.81

(0.55, 1.22)

0.88

(0.60, 1.54)

142

(4.0)

  1. ULN Upper limit of normal, IQR interquartile range, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, APRI AST-to-platelet ratio index, GPR GGT-to-platelet ratio.
  2. aReason for testing for hepatitis B was missing for 51 (1.4%) of participants.
  3. bHazardous alcohol consumption was as defined by each centre; centre-specific definitions are reported in the supplementary information.
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