Fig. 3: Direct (β1) and indirect (β2) effects of the COVID−19 pandemic and all-cause mortality by age and epidemic phase.
From: Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Switzerland
A Association between weekly laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-related deaths and absolute excess mortality by age group. The black line shows the slope of association corresponding to a 1 to 1 relation. The red lines show the association estimated with the model (corresponding to the \({\beta }_{1}\) coefficients shown in panel (B), the full line represents the point estimate and the dashed lines the lower and upper bounds of the 95% credible interval). B Estimates of \({\beta }_{1}\), the additional number of deaths to be observed for each unit increase in laboratory-confirmed deaths, after adjusting for the expected number of all-causes deaths given historical trends. The error bars denote the 95% Credible Intervals. See Online Supplementary Table S3 for the size of each group. C Estimates of \({\beta }_{2}\), the additional number of deaths to be observed for each unit increase in the expected number of all-cause deaths, after adjusting for the direct effect of SARS-CoV−2 infections. The error bars denote the 95% credible intervals. See Online Supplementary Table S3 for the size of each group. n = 156,193 number of observed all-cause deaths were used to derive the above statistics.
