Fig. 6: Potential mitigation effect of biophysical impact of earth greening.

a Spatial map of mitigation ratio. Only pixels that are significant at 95% confidence interval are shown. Areas with statistically significant greening trends are masked by black dots (Mann–Kendall test, P < 0.05). b Comparison of observed temperature trends and greening-induced land surface temperature trends in 10 sizeable vegetated countries. Error bars indicate the uncertainty of greening induced temperature trend. The percentage under each blue bar indicates the climate mitigation ratio (mean ± uncertainty). Here, European Union (EU) is included in the analysis. US United States, DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo. Source data are provided with this paper.