Fig. 5: Schematic drawings illustrating the microstructure evolutions.

a Martensitic microstructure with hierarchical substructures and high dislocation density. b Massive precipitation of hP24 within matrix and L12 along grain boundaries after ageing treatment. c Magnified illustration showing highly faulted structure of rod-like hP24 and defect-free L12 with flat interfaces and (d) evolved precipitates upon plastic deformation, hP24 possess denser SFs and L12 is also introduced with SFs leading to local dynamic precipitate transformation to hP24.