Fig. 3: Extent of emulsification as a function of transferring ion concentrations.
From: Interfacial solute flux promotes emulsification at the water|oil interface
A Optical micrograph of the effect of HAuCl4 concentration on droplet formation. An increase in concentration can be seen sequentially for I (0 mM), II (2.5 mM), III (5 mM), and IV (7.5 mM). The concentration of [NBu4][ClO4] (DCE) was kept constant at 100 mM for these images. B Optical micrographs of the effect of [NBu4][ClO4] concentration on droplet formation. An increase in concentration can be seen sequentially for I (0 mM), II (10 mM), III (25 mM), and IV (50 mM). The concentration of HAuCl4 (aq) was kept constant at 10 mM for these images. C Optical micrograph for the droplet formation at 10 mM HAuCl4 and 100 mM [NBu4][ClO4]. D Schematic representation of the proposed mechanism for partitioning of chloroaurate from aqueous to organic media in the presence of NBu4+ while maintaining electroneutrality with ClO4–. Histograms presented below schematic show the effect of changes in concentration on the frequency (E, G) and average cross-sectional area (F, H) of droplets as a function of distance from the interface for chloroauric acid (Blue; E and F) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Red; G and H), respectfully. The error bars in F and H correspond to standard deviations about the mean for N equal to the number of droplets identified in that region (from E and G). All images and data for histograms was gathered 10 min after initial contact of aqueous and DCE phases. All optical micrographs were taken with a ×40 NA 0.60 objective and a 500 ms exposure time. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
