Fig. 3: Ion transport through the MAC nanochannel.

a Ionic conductance of the MAC membrane under different KCl concentrations. b Schematic of EDL formation on the negatively charged MAC surface. c Ion-transporting behavior under low concentrations of electrolyte (h~2λD; left) and under high concentrations of electrolyte (h»λD; right). The ionic conductance (κ) is the sum of bulk conductance (κB) and surface-charge-governed conductance (κS). κS is dominant under a low concentration of electrolyte while κB is dominant under a high concentration of electrolyte. Error bars in (a) denote standard deviation from three different samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.