Fig. 7: Combined loss of LRRTM1 and SynCAM 1 impairs cognition-relevant behaviors.

a Spatial memory was tested in the Morris water maze divided into four quadrants, with the SW quadrant containing the escape platform. b Latency time to the target the SW quadrant in the Morris water maze, a measure of spatial memory acquisition, is indistinguishable between all genotypes after 5 daily training sessions. (Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; n = 14 WT, 14 LRRTM1 KO, 10 SynCAM 1 KO, 12 DKO mice). c Impaired memory processing in DKO mice. After Morris water maze training, time spent in the target SW quadrant vs. other quadrants was measured in a probe trial. Unlike WT and single KO mice, DKO mice exhibit no learned preference. (Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test for multiple comparison of means; n = 14 WT, 14 LRRTM1 KO, 10 SynCAM 1 KO, 12 DKO mice). d Design of prepulse inhibition (PPI) experiments. PPI is based on the startle response elicited by a loud sound (top). If preceded by a quiet prepulse sound, startle response is reduced in WT mice (bottom). e DKO mice fail to exhibit robust PPI while LRRTM1 KO and SynCAM 1 KO mice displayed normal PPI at all three louder prepulse sounds like WT mice. (Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; n = 10 WT, 9 LRRTM1 KO, 10 SynCAM 1 KO, and 9 DKO mice). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, n.s., not significant. Error bars show Standard Error of the Mean. Source data for panels c and e are provided as a Source Data file.